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The Seris are an indigenous group of the Mexican state of Sonora. The majority reside on the Seri communal property (Spanish, ''ejido''), in the towns of Punta Chueca (Seri ''Socaaix'' or ''Socaaix hac'') and El Desemboque (Seri ''Haxöl Iihom'') on the mainland coast of the Gulf of California. Tiburón Island (''Tahejöc'', ''Tahejöc himquij'' or ''Tahejöc quij'') and San Esteban Island (''Cofteecöl'', ''Cofteecöl hipcap'' and sometimes ''Hast'') were part of their traditional territory, but some Seris also lived in various places on the mainland. They were historically seminomadic hunter-gatherers who maintained an intimate relationship with both the sea and the land. It is one of the ethnic groups of Mexico that has most strongly maintained its language and culture during the years after contact with Spanish and Mexican cultures. The Seri people are not related culturally or linguistically to other groups that have lived in the area, such as the Opata, Yaqui (sg.: ''Yequim'', pl.: ''Yectz''), O'odham (sg.: ''Hapaay''), or Cochimí. The Seri language is distinct from all others in the region and is considered a language isolate.〔Marlett (2011).〕 Beside the Apache (sg.: ''Hapats'', pl.: ''Hapatsoj'') and Yaqui the Seri are best known as fierce warriors for their stubborn resistance against subjugation by the Spanish (sg.: ''Casopin'') and later Mexicans (sg./pl.: ''Cocsar''). The name Seri is an exonym of uncertain origin. (Claims that it is from Opata or from Yaqui were nineteenth-century speculations based on similarity to words in those languages and not with clear evidence.)〔 Their name for themselves is Comcaac (phonemically , phonetically ); singular: Cmiique (phonemically ), phonetically ).〔Marlett, Moreno & Herrera (2005).〕 ==Bands== The Seri were formerly divided into six bands. They were: * Xiica hai iicp coii or Xica hai iic coii ''("those who live toward the north wind"),'' also known as Tepocas or Saliñeros, who inhabited a large area to the north of the other bands, along the coast between Puerto Lobos and Punta Tepopa and somewhat inland, constituting six subgroups with following camps: ''Zaah Hacáila, Pailc Haacöt, Xpano Hax, Haasíxp, Haxöl Ihom, Xapoyáh'' * Xiica xnaai iicp coii or Xica xnai iic coii ''("those that are to the south", "those who lived toward the south wind"),'' also known as Tastioteños who inhabited the coast from Bahía Kino to Guaymas. * Tahejöc comcaac or Tahéjöc comcáac ''("Tiburón Island people"),'' also known as the Seris or Tiburones, who inhabited the coasts of Tiburón Island, and the coast of Mexico opposite it, north of the ''Xiica xnaai iicp coii.'', constituting five subgroups with following camps: ''Hajháx, Cyazim, Sacpátix, Haanc, Hatquísa, Taij It, Inóohcö Quixaz, Xniizc, Tacáta, Heeme, Hast Hax, Soosni Itáaai, Xoxáacöl, Caail iti ctamcö, Hax Ipac'' * * Xoxáacöl (group of people within the Tiburon Island people group) * Heeno comcaac or Heno comcáac ''("desert people"),'' who inhabited the central valley of Tiburón Island. * Xnaamotat or Xnaa motat ''("those that came from the south"),'' also known as Upanguaymas or Guaymas, who inhabited a small strip south of Guaymas between the ''Xiica hai iic coii'' and the ''Tahejöc comcaac.'' * Xiica hast ano coii or Xica hast ano coii ''("those that are in San Esteban Island"), ''hast ano ctam'' (male), ''hast ano cmaam'' (female)),'' who inhabited San Esteban Island and the southern coast of Tiburón Island. Three of the bands were further subdivided. Relations between bands were not always friendly, and internal fights sometimes occurred. Some Bands were also living on Baja California peninsula (''Hant Ihiin''), they were called Hant Ihiini comcaac.〔(Seri Names )〕 It has been said that these groups spoke three distinct but mutually intelligible dialects. It is thought that the first dialect was spoken by the ''Xiica hai iic coii'', ''Xiica xnaai iic coii'', ''Tahejöc comcaac'' and ''Heeno comcaac'' Bands and presently this variant is the only dialect spoken and is the ancestor of modern day Seri. The second dialect was spoken by the ''Xnaamotat'' Band, but it is currently extinct and there was very little data collected regarding this dialect. The third dialect is also extinct and was spoken by the ''Xiica hast ano coii'' Band; it was described as sounding musical, as if speakers were singing instead of speaking (Moser 1963). Speakers sometimes make remarks regarding certain expressions being characteristic of particular Bands, especially of the ''Xiica hast ano coii'' Band. These communication differences were thought to have kept the groups from having much social interaction with each other.〔(SERI LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATION AND SPATIAL REFERENCE )〕 After the Seri population was greatly reduced by conflicts with the Mexican government and the O'odham, and epidemics of smallpox and measles, the remaining Seris grouped together and the band divisions were lost. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Seri people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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